INTERNET

 you ever thought what is the internet or how it works??

well internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across  the world  with each other and ro the world wide web
The internet is set up by using physical cables
such as copper telephone wires, fiber optic ,etc and even wireless connections like 3G, 4G, or Wi-Fi make use of these cables to access the Internet , so internet is actually a cable that connects you with the server.
If you want to know more about internet:
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we already mentioned the WWW (world wide web):
The World Wide Web is a collection of websites or web pages stored
in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet.
Users can access the content of these sites from any part of the world over the internet using , the internet is the backbone of the web as it provides the technical infrastructure to establish the WWW and acts as a medium to transmit information from one computer to another

now let's talk about wireless networks and Broadband:
Data is transferred through optical fiber cables in
digital format or in the form of light pulses. The cable is connected to a router, which converts the light signals into electrical signals.These electrical signals are transmitted to your laptop using an Ethernet cable.
If you are using wireless internet using wifi or
mobile data, the signals from the optical cable are first sent to a cell tower (or a wireless router) and from there it reaches to your cell phone in the form of electromagnetic waves

So how did the Internet start ?? and who ownes it?
The start of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPANET allowed multiple computers to communicate on a single network.

• The World Wide Web was was invented by a British scientist,
Tim Berners-Lee in 1989,  He was working at CERN at that time.
it was developed by him to fulfill the need of automated information sharing between scientists across the world, so that they could easily share the data and results of their experiments and studies with each other. 

internet isn't owned by any one ,but is managed by ICANN( Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) located in the
USA ,It manages IP addresses assignment, domain name registration,
etc

WHAT IS ISP( internet service provider)?
An Internet service provider (ISP) assigns your computer or network an IP address, which is a unique address that allows your computer or network to interact over the Internet.

we use Internet to open websites , but what is a web site?
A website is a collection of related web pages that may contain text, images, audio, and video, etc. Each website has a specific internet address uniform resource locator (URL) that you need to enter in your browser to access a website
Websites are created using scripting languages which browsers on client computers understand. Examples are html, css and javascript which are used for client-side scripting and PHP, MySQL for server-side

IP ADDRESS:
All computers on the internet, clients and servers are identified by an IP address, which is a string of numbers.
an IP address acts as the shipping address
of your device ,The IP address is provided by your ISP, and
you can see what IP address your ISP has
given to your system.

DNS SERVER:
 To access the internet we need a domain name, which represents an IP address number, i.e., each IP address has been assigned a domain name.
However, internet does not understand the domain name, it understands the IP address, so when you enter the domain name in the browser search bar, the internet has to get the IP addresses of this domain named from a DNS (Domain Name Server). DNS servers are managed by ISPs or similar organizations

BANDWIDTH:

Bandwidth is the data capacity of a channel.
The potential of transferring data in a particular period of time is bandwidth.
In networking, it measures the maximum rate at which the data can be transmitted by a device. It does not guarantee high network performance.

If a network has high bandwidth, it means that the high amount of data can be transferred and received. Bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps) 

HTTP :

HTTP is a protocol that stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

It tells the browser to which protocol will be preferred to use for accessing the information that is specified in the domain

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is an enhanced protocol as compared to http as it concerned with security.

It provides the surety that the information, which is transmitted over HTTP is secure and encrypted.

by :nouran Ashraf matarid-21200128..